Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Epimedin C in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes
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AbstractIn osteoarthritis (OA), inhibition of excessively expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in the OA joint and increasing the anabolism for cartilage regeneration are necessary. In this ex-vivo study, we used an inflammatory model of human OA chondrocytes microtissues, consisting of treatment with cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β)/tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) with or without supplementation of six herbal compounds with previously identified chondroprotective effect. The compounds were assessed for their capacity to modulate the key catabolic and anabolic factors using several molecular analyses. We selectively investigated the mechanism of action of the two most potent compounds Vanillic acid (VA) and Epimedin C (Epi C). After identification of the anti-inflammatory and anabolic properties of VA and Epi C, the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that in both treatment groups, osteoarthritic signaling pathways were inhibited. In the treatment group with VA, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling was inhibited by attenuation of the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation. Epi C showed a significant anabolic effect by increasing the expression of collagenous and non-collagenous matrix proteins. In conclusion, VA, through inhibition of phosphorylation in NF-κB signaling pathway and Epi C, by increasing the expression of extracellular matrix components, showed significant anti-inflammatory and anabolic properties and might be potentially used in combination to treat or prevent joint OA.
Acceptance Date19/06/2020
All Author(s) ListReihane Ziadlou, Andrea Barbero, Ivan Martin, Xinluan Wang, Ling Qin, Mauro Alini, Sibylle Grad
Journal nameBiomolecules
Year2020
Month6
Volume Number10
Issue Number6
PublisherMDPI
Article number932
ISSN2218-273X
LanguagesEnglish-United States
KeywordsEpimedin C, NF-κB signaling pathway, anabolic, anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory effects, osteoarthritis, vanillic acid
