The effectiveness of exercises on fall and fracture prevention amongst community elderlies: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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AbstractQuestion
What is the effectiveness of exercise interventions on falls and fall-related fracture prevention among community-dwelling elderlies?
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Participants
Community-dwelling elderlies older than 60 years old.
Intervention
Physical exercises.
Outcome measures
The primary outcomes were falls and fractures.
Results
Twelve studies were included and 4784 participants were involved with a mean age of 75.4. The most common exercise interventions were strength and balance exercises. The results of meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that exercise intervention had beneficial effect on fall prevention (RR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62–0.82; I2 = 24%, p < 0.0001). The effect was better when exercise intervention applied to women participants (RR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49–0.83; I2 = 28%, p = 0.00009) compared to men and women participants (RR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.64–0.89; I2 = 24%, p = 0.001). The results of meta-analysis of seven studies showed that physical exercise had significant effect on fracture prevention (RR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.35–0.83; I2 = 25%, p = 0.005). However, the effect was significant when exercise intervention applied to women participants only (RR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.20–0.67; I2 = 0%, p = 0.001) but not significant when exercise intervention applied to both genders (RR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.58–1.09; I2 = 0%, p = 0.15).
Conclusion
Exercise interventions, especially the combination of strength and balance training, were effective in preventing falls. Resistance exercises and jumping exercises were effective for fracture prevention among community-dwelling older population. The effectiveness of exercise interventions on fracture prevention have more significant effect on women. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of exercise interventions in men.
What is the effectiveness of exercise interventions on falls and fall-related fracture prevention among community-dwelling elderlies?
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Participants
Community-dwelling elderlies older than 60 years old.
Intervention
Physical exercises.
Outcome measures
The primary outcomes were falls and fractures.
Results
Twelve studies were included and 4784 participants were involved with a mean age of 75.4. The most common exercise interventions were strength and balance exercises. The results of meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that exercise intervention had beneficial effect on fall prevention (RR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62–0.82; I2 = 24%, p < 0.0001). The effect was better when exercise intervention applied to women participants (RR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49–0.83; I2 = 28%, p = 0.00009) compared to men and women participants (RR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.64–0.89; I2 = 24%, p = 0.001). The results of meta-analysis of seven studies showed that physical exercise had significant effect on fracture prevention (RR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.35–0.83; I2 = 25%, p = 0.005). However, the effect was significant when exercise intervention applied to women participants only (RR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.20–0.67; I2 = 0%, p = 0.001) but not significant when exercise intervention applied to both genders (RR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.58–1.09; I2 = 0%, p = 0.15).
Conclusion
Exercise interventions, especially the combination of strength and balance training, were effective in preventing falls. Resistance exercises and jumping exercises were effective for fracture prevention among community-dwelling older population. The effectiveness of exercise interventions on fracture prevention have more significant effect on women. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of exercise interventions in men.
All Author(s) ListR.M.Y. Wong, K.C. Chong, S.W. Law, W.T. Ho, J. Li, C.S. Chui, S.K.H. Chow, W.H. Cheung
Journal nameJournal of Orthopaedic Translation
Year2020
Month9
Volume Number24
PublisherElsevier
Pages58 - 65
ISSN2214-031X
LanguagesEnglish-United States
KeywordsFall, Fracture, Prevention, Systematic review
